Climate Policy

Authors' Summary: This book demonstrates how robust and evolving science can be relevant to public discourse about climate policy. Fighting climate change is the ultimate societal challenge, and the difficulty is not just in the wrenching adjustments required to cut greenhouse emissions and to respond to change already under way. A second and equally important difficulty is ensuring widespread public understanding of the natural and social science. This understanding is essential for an effective risk management strategy at a planetary scale. The scientific, economic, and policy aspects of climate change are already a challenge to communicate, without factoring in the distractions and deflections from organized programs of misinformation and denial. 

Here, four scholars, each with decades of research on the climate threat, take on the task of explaining our current understanding of the climate threat and what can be done about it, in lay language—importantly, without losing critical  aspects of the natural and social science. In a series of essays, published during the 2020 presidential election, the COVID pandemic, and through the fall of 2021, they explain the essential components of the challenge, countering the forces of distrust of the science and opposition to a vigorous national response.  

Each of the essays provides an opportunity to learn about a particular aspect of climate science and policy within the complex context of current events. The overall volume is more than the sum of its individual articles. Proceeding each essay is an explanation of the context in which it was written, followed by observation of what has happened since its first publication. In addition to its discussion of topical issues in modern climate science, the book also explores science communication to a broad audience. Its authors are not only scientists – they are also teachers, using current events to teach when people are listening. For preserving Earth’s planetary life support system, science and teaching are essential. Advancing both is an unending task.

To meet the Paris Agreement’s long-term goal of keeping global climate change well below two degrees Celsius—and ideally below 1.5°C—the world needs to rapidly reduce carbon dioxide emissions and scale up low-carbon technologies. Global leaders, activists and some scientists say the 1.5°C target is still feasible. Though it just barely remains in play, this aspirational target is at least technically possible.

Climate policies are typically designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that result from human activities and drive climate change. The largest source of these emissions is the combustion of fossil fuels, which increases atmospheric concentrations of ozone, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and other air pollutants that pose public health risks.

Existing climate targets do not consider or identify the impact of successful pathways that also achieve an environment that supports and protects human health. This project seeks to develop “headline indicators” of human well-being that can assess the relative impact on health of global progress towards global temperature targets. It will illustrate these targets with analysis of the health impacts of air pollution, a major cause of death and disease globally that is fundamentally linked to the climate challenge through fossil fuel use.

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