Climate change solutions that have nature at their core, such as reforestation or ecosystem restoration, are increasingly touted as a way to address the climate and biodiversity crises. However, ecological, socio-technological and financial barriers may impede the implementation and upscaling of these nature-based solutions (NBS) in ways that benefit the environment and society. This project is dedicated to identifying how these cross-sectoral challenges can be surmounted. The MIT-Imperial College working group will identify the most important conceptual and practical knowledge gaps associated with the implementation of NBS.