Abstract: Increasing fire activity and the associated degradation in air quality in the United States has been indirectly linked to human activity via climate change. In addition, the direct attribution of fires to human or natural causes provides potential for near term smoke mitigation. We quantify the contribution of agricultural fires and human ignited wildfires to smoke emissions in the United States using the GFED4s inventory combined with the US Forest Service Fire Program Analysis-Fire Occurrence Database. We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate how fires driven by these two human levers impact fire particulate matter under 2.5 microns (PM_2.5) concentrations in the contiguous United States (CONUS) from 2003 to 2018. We find that these human-driven fires dominate fire PM_2.5 in both a high fire and human ignition year (2018) and low fire and human ignition year (2003). Across CONUS, human drivers of fire account for more than 80% of the population-weighted exposure and premature deaths associated with fire PM_2.5. These findings indicate that a large portion of the smoke exposure and impacts in CONUS are driven by human activities with large mitigation potential that could be the focus of future management choices and policymaking.