US Major Crops' Uncertain Climate Change Risks and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits

Joint Program Report
US Major Crops' Uncertain Climate Change Risks and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits
Sue Wing, I., E. Monier, A. Stern and A. Mundra (2015)
Joint Program Report Series, 34 p.

Report 285 [Download]

Abstract/Summary:

We estimate the costs of climate change to US agriculture, and associated potential benefits of abating greenhouse gas emissions. Five major crops yield responses to climatic variation are modeled empirically, and the results combined with climate projections for a no-policy, high-warming future, as well as moderate and stringent mitigation scenarios. Unabated warming reduces yields of wheat and soybeans by 2050, and cotton by 2100, but moderate warming increases yields of all crops except wheat. Yield changes are monetized using the results of economic simulations within an integrated climate-economy modeling framework. The economic effects of uncontrolled warming on major crops are slightly positive—annual benefits < $4B. These are amplified by emission reductions, but subject to diminishing returns—by 2100 reaching $17B under moderate mitigation, but only $7B with stringent mitigation. Costs and benefits are sensitive to irreducible uncertainty about the fertilization effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, without which unabated warming incurs net costs of up to $18B, generating benefits to moderate (stringent) mitigation as large as $26B ($20B).

Citation:

Sue Wing, I., E. Monier, A. Stern and A. Mundra (2015): US Major Crops' Uncertain Climate Change Risks and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits. Joint Program Report Series Report 285, 34 p. (http://globalchange.mit.edu/publication/16272)
  • Joint Program Report
US Major Crops' Uncertain Climate Change Risks and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits

Sue Wing, I., E. Monier, A. Stern and A. Mundra

Report 

285
34 p.
2016

Abstract/Summary: 

We estimate the costs of climate change to US agriculture, and associated potential benefits of abating greenhouse gas emissions. Five major crops yield responses to climatic variation are modeled empirically, and the results combined with climate projections for a no-policy, high-warming future, as well as moderate and stringent mitigation scenarios. Unabated warming reduces yields of wheat and soybeans by 2050, and cotton by 2100, but moderate warming increases yields of all crops except wheat. Yield changes are monetized using the results of economic simulations within an integrated climate-economy modeling framework. The economic effects of uncontrolled warming on major crops are slightly positive—annual benefits < $4B. These are amplified by emission reductions, but subject to diminishing returns—by 2100 reaching $17B under moderate mitigation, but only $7B with stringent mitigation. Costs and benefits are sensitive to irreducible uncertainty about the fertilization effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, without which unabated warming incurs net costs of up to $18B, generating benefits to moderate (stringent) mitigation as large as $26B ($20B).