At the United Nations conference on climate change in Paris in December 2015, 195 countries adopted the first legally binding global climate deal. A key point of discussion was the issue of responsibility. This press conference presents new research assessing the extent to which some developed and developing nations are to blame for climate change, from emissions to temperature increase contributions. This media briefing will also shed light on what the Paris agreement, and its global mean temperature limits of 2°C and 1.5°C, means for the Earth system, from glacier mass change to sea-level rise.